Bidjar rugs are among the most durable and stunning carpets in the world, often earning the nickname "Iron Carpets" due to their unrivaled strength and resilience. Originating from the Kurdish region of Iran, Bidjar rugs are renowned for their intricate designs, rich colors, and exceptional construction. They are ideal for high-traffic areas, making them a perfect choice for both traditional and modern interiors. With a long history of weaving excellence, Bidjar rugs stand as one of the finest examples of Persian craftsmanship.

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History and Origin

Bidjar, located in the Kurdistan province of northwestern Iran, has long been a hub for carpet weaving. The town was once known as Gerrus during the Qajar period, and its weaving tradition dates back centuries. Kurdish tribes in the region have been weaving Bidjar rugs for generations, initially producing them for royal use or as gifts for government officials. These rugs were commissioned by Kurdish khans, or rulers, who appreciated the craftsmanship and durability of the weavings.

Bidjar rugs gained international recognition in the 19th century for their robust structure, complex designs, and ability to withstand heavy use. These carpets were not only used in palaces and homes but were also traded across Persia and beyond. By the second half of the 19th century, Bidjar carpets, renowned for their strength and elegance, became popular in Western markets.

The weavers of Bidjar used the Turkish knot (also known as the symmetrical knot) to create their masterpieces. This knotting technique, which involves tying the yarn in a symmetrical manner, results in tightly woven, durable carpets. The combination of the Turkish knot with the wet-loom technique – where the wool, warp, and weft are kept damp during the weaving process – further strengthens these carpets, making them some of the most indestructible in the world.

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Craftsmanship

Bidjar rugs are celebrated for their exceptional durability, which comes from a unique combination of weaving techniques. The Turkish knot, also called the symmetrical knot, is tightly tied, giving the rug a dense texture and ensuring that the designs are intricately detailed. The wet-loom technique employed by Bidjar weavers involves keeping the wool, warp, and weft wet during the weaving process. The damp fibers shrink and tighten as the rug dries, resulting in a dense and incredibly strong rug.

The foundation of Bidjar rugs is usually made of wool or cotton, with a wool pile that gives the carpet a soft yet firm texture. Some rare Bidjar rugs have been made with silk foundations and silk or wool pile for a finer finish, often woven with inscriptions and gifted to ministers during the Qajar period. These pieces, made with a finer knot, are highly prized by collectors.

Bidjar rugs are traditionally woven in a single-weft structure, contributing to their substantial weight. The combination of these weaving techniques, along with the high-quality materials used, makes Bidjar rugs resistant to wear and tear, allowing them to endure for generations. Their robust construction, coupled with their aesthetic appeal, has led to their widespread popularity in both domestic and international markets.

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Design and Pattern

The designs of Bidjar rugs are a blend of geometric, floral, and semi-geometric motifs. One of the most common layouts features a central medallion, often in the form of a hexagon or lozenge, surrounded by a series of diamond shapes or repeating motifs. The field may also feature all-over designs with geometric patterns or stylized floral elements.

The Herati design, a classic motif of Persian rugs, is commonly found in Bidjar rugs. This pattern features a central diamond surrounded by a repeating fish motif, creating a rhythmical, balanced composition. Other popular motifs include Shah Abbas palmettes, paisley (Boteh), flower bouquets, and minakhani (rosette-linked trellis) designs. The weavers of Bidjar have also included tribal and animal motifs in earlier rugs, though these are less common in modern examples.

The color palette of Bidjar rugs is rich and vibrant, featuring deep reds, dark blues, ivory, and camel tones as the primary background colors. The borders often incorporate a variety of motifs, including palmettes, arabesques, cloudband, and knotted ribbons. The use of contrasting colors, such as gold, green, brown, and rust, adds depth and dimension to the design.

While Bidjar rugs traditionally feature medallion designs, some weavers opt for open-field layouts with repeating geometric patterns or motifs. The borders are intricate and often filled with palmettes and arabesques, providing a beautiful frame to the central field.

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