Moud rugs, originating from the village of Moud in southern Khorasan, are known for their quality craftsmanship and unique designs. With a history that dates back centuries, these rugs are valued for their vibrant colors and detailed patterns.

History and Origin

The story of Moud rugs begins in the village of Moud, located approximately 30 kilometers along the Birjand–Zahedan road in southern Khorasan Province, Iran. The name "Moud" is said to derive from the Persian word for an eagle with feathers glued to arrows, symbolizing strength and precision. Others interpret it as "the eagle's nest," reflecting the area's natural and cultural richness.

Moud's rug weaving flourished between 1931 and 1941, surpassing other regions in Khorasan during this golden era. It is said that Haj Asadi, known as "Mesbah al-Saltaneh," established a weaving workshop in Moud with 40 looms, encouraging the growth of diverse designs crafted by master artisans. The region’s prominence in weaving is also tied to earlier workshops brought from Derakhsh, an ancient village in the mountainous Qohestan region, which is believed to have laid the groundwork for Moud's weaving heritage.

Historical looms in Moud shared similarities with those in Kerman, highlighting the deep-rooted legacy and techniques passed down through generations. Over time, Moud rugs gained international fame, with some even displayed in European museums like those in Germany and Paris. Notable weavers, such as Mola Esmaeil Dastgerdi and his family, contributed significantly to the artistry of Moud rugs.

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Craftsmanship

Moud rugs are renowned for their exceptional craftsmanship and attention to detail. Traditionally woven on vertical looms, these rugs use the Persian (asymmetrical) knot for their intricate designs. The warp and weft are typically made of tightly spun cotton, while the pile consists of high-quality sheep wool. Occasionally, silk is incorporated into custom pieces for added elegance.

Weavers in Moud historically performed every step of the process, including hand-spinning and dyeing wool, ensuring the fibers' softness and color vibrancy. The dyes, originally natural and plant-based, created luminous tones that became a hallmark of Moud rugs. Although synthetic dyes are now used alongside natural ones, the brilliance and clarity of the rugs remain unparalleled.

The rugs’ knot density ranges between 30 and 45 raj (knots per 7 cm), allowing buyers to choose based on their preferences and budget. This diversity has made Moud rugs accessible to a broad audience while maintaining their reputation for quality and durability.

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Design and Pattern

Moud rugs boast an impressive array of designs, many of which reflect the cultural and artistic heritage of southern Khorasan. The most famous pattern is the Khesti (Four Seasons) design, characterized by rectangular compartments filled with various floral and geometric motifs. This design, also called "Bakhtiari," is favored by nearly half of Moud's weavers.

Other notable patterns include:

  • Saadi: A quartered layout featuring intricate floral designs interwoven with swirling arabesques.
  • Gol Farang (Persian Rose): European-inspired floral arrangements popular in Persian art.
  • Kalleh Asbi (Horse Head): A unique design with 16 winged horses surrounding a central medallion.
  • Fish in the Pond (Mahi dar Hamam): A repeating "fish-scale" motif, either in an all-over or medallion-and-corner layout.
  • Boteh Jegeh (Paisley): A traditional Persian motif symbolizing eternal life, often placed in orderly rows.

The colors used in Moud rugs are equally striking, with deep reds, creamy ivories, dark browns, blues, and oranges dominating the palette. These hues, derived from natural dyes, are carefully balanced to enhance the rug’s visual appeal.

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