Pakistani rugs are a testament to the rich heritage of country embodying centuries of tradition and diverse cultural influences from the intricate Bokhara to the rustic Chobi.

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History and Origin

Rug weaving in Pakistan has deep roots, shaped by centuries of tradition. Influences from Persia, Central Asia, and Mughal India have all played a role in developing the craft. After 1947, the migration of skilled weavers into Pakistan introduced new designs and techniques, further enriching local rug production. Regions like Punjab, Sindh, and cities such as Lahore became centers for weaving, producing rugs known for their unique patterns and materials.

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Craftsmanship and Design

Pakistani rugs are handwoven on both vertical and horizontal looms, depending on the type and size. The knotting technique varies by style:

Bokhara rugs:

‍They are inspired by the rugs woven by Turkmens in Iran and Turkmenistan; and their traditional designs. These rugs are deeply rooted in Central Asian weaving traditions and feature the iconic "gul" motif—a repeating octagonal or diamond-shaped medallion that represents tribal emblems.
Originally, Bokhara designs were crafted by Turkmen tribes as practical and portable floor coverings for their nomadic lifestyle. Over time, their intricate patterns gained widespread appeal, particularly in markets like India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, where the designs were adapted and produced for export.In Pakistan, Bokhara rugs evolved into a distinct style, characterized by softer wool, finer knotting techniques (using the Turkish knot), and a polished finish achieved through washing. While traditional Turkmen Bokhara rugs often featured deep red and rust tones, Pakistani Bokharas expanded the color palette to include lighter shades like beige, green, and blue, catering to modern tastes. Their enduring popularity stems from their balance of tradition and versatility, making them a staple in global rug markets.
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Chobi rugs:

These rugs are famous for their muted, earthy palettes and floral or vine-inspired designs. Their soft colors, often achieved through vegetable dyes, suit modern minimalist aesthetics. The Chobi style is inspired by Ziegler rugs. These rugs originated in response to Western demand for more subtle and muted designs compared to traditional Persian rugs.

Ziegler rugs, which were produced in the late 19th century by the Anglo-Swiss company Ziegler & Co., served as the blueprint for Chobi rugs. While Ziegler rugs were initially made in Iran, Chobi rugs were later developed in Pakistan, particularly in the Peshawar region, as a reinterpretation of this style. They maintain the understated elegance of Ziegler rugs, featuring large floral motifs, vine patterns, and soft, neutral tones, making them a favorite for contemporary interiors.

Materials such as wool, silk, and cotton are commonly used, often dyed with both natural and synthetic colors. While not as complex as some high-end Persian rugs, Pakistani rugs are admired for their efficiency in production and versatile quality.

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