Qum rugs are some of the finest Persian rugs, known for their detailed designs and use of high-quality materials like silk. Though they are relatively new compared to other Persian rugs, their exceptional craftsmanship and vibrant patterns have made them highly sought after worldwide.

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History and Origin

Rug weaving in Qum began in the early 20th century, much later than in cities like Kashan or Isfahan. The city, a center of religious and cultural importance, started producing rugs to meet growing demand both locally and internationally. At first, Qum rugs borrowed designs from older rug-weaving traditions, but over time, the city developed its own unique style. Today, Qum rugs are recognized for their fine craftsmanship and often luxurious use of materials like pure silk.

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Craftsmanship

What sets Qum rugs apart is their precise weaving and use of high-quality materials. Most Qum rugs are made with the asymmetrical Persian knot, which allows for more detailed designs. The foundation of the rug may be made of cotton or silk, but silk is often used for both the warp and weft in higher-end pieces.

These rugs typically have a high knot density, ranging from 250 to over 1,000 knots per square inch. This density enables the creation of intricate patterns and sharp details. Many Qum rugs are dyed with natural colors from plants and minerals, giving them vibrant yet long-lasting hues. Silk rugs, in particular, stand out for their soft texture and sheen, making them a popular choice for collectors.

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Design and Pattern

The designs of Qum rugs are as varied as the vibrant colors that fill their intricate patterns. Early Qum rug designs were heavily influenced by the renowned styles of Kashan and Isfahan. However, over time, Qum's skilled weavers brought their own creativity and innovation to the craft, resulting in a distinctive style that is now synonymous with the city. This evolution gave rise to a new design language characterized by a harmonious blend of patterns, colors, and exquisite craftsmanship.

Qum rugs often feature traditional Persian motifs, such as the garden, medallion, and Tree of Life, which have their roots in Isfahan rug design. The Tree of Life motifs, along with animals, flowers, and the Shah Abbas design, are known for their vibrant, vivid colors and symbolic meanings. While hunting scene motifs also originated in Isfahan, they have found a special place in Qum’s silk rugs, where they are meticulously rendered with the finest materials.

Some of the most iconic patterns used in Qum rugs include:

  • Shah Abbas Medallion
  • Afshan Shah Abbas
  • Simple Field
  • Mohramat
  • Flowered Mihrab
  • Hunting Scenes
  • Geometric Jushghani
  • Tile Pattern (Kheshti)
  • Tree of Life

In recent decades, Qum has become especially famous for its pure silk carpets, which have elevated the city's reputation internationally. These silk rugs are highly valued for their smooth texture and brilliant sheen. In some rare examples, even the foundation (warp) is made from silk, further enhancing their prestige. The designs of these silk rugs often feature large central motifs like a lily surrounded by floral elements, with a deep dark blue field—a striking yet rare color combination.

The richness of color in Qum rugs is another standout feature. While traditional Qum rugs typically use a refined palette of 5 to 6 main colors—such as light and dark lacquers, black, gold, beige, burnt brown, and various shades of blue—the more recent, intricate designs can feature as many as forty different shades.

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