When it comes to identifying a rug, the front often gets all the attention. But did you know that the back of the rug can hold a wealth of information about its origin, construction, and quality? From knot type to weft picks, knot density, and warp depression, these hidden details can help you uncover the true story of your rug. In this post, we'll dive into the key features to look for on the back of your rug and how they can reveal important clues about its craftsmanship and authenticity. Whether you're a rug enthusiast or simply looking to learn more about your rug, this guide will help you see your rug from a whole new perspective.

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🔸 The characteristics that follow are specific to hand-knotted rugs. To learn how to identify a hand-knotted rug from other types, check out the post about spotting rugs crafted by different techniques.

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Knot Type

The knot is the basic unit of construction for a hand-knotted rug, and different types of knots give each rug its distinct texture and appearance. The two most common knot types are the Persian (or Senneh) Knot and the Turkish (or Ghiordes) Knot. Here's how to tell them apart:

  • Persian Knot: This knot is asymmetrical and is made by passing the yarn around the warp threads in a loop, with one end passing through to the back. The Persian knot is often used in fine rugs, such as those from Isfahan or Qom, known for their intricate designs and softer texture. On the back of the rug, the knot will appear as a small "v" shape, with two slanted sides that meet at a point.
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  • Turkish Knot: In contrast, the Turkish knot is symmetrical and loops around the warp thread in such a way that both ends of the yarn pass to the back. Some types of Persian rugs and also rugs from regions like Anatolia are often woven with this type of knot, and the back will show a "T" or "H" shape, where the yarn crosses the warp threads in an even manner.
Example:
  • Hamadan Rugs are typically woven using the Turkish knot and tend to have a relatively moderate density, giving them a firm but flexible texture.

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Knot Density

Knot density refers to how many knots are tied per square inch (KPSI) and directly influences the durability and detail of a rug. Higher KPSI means finer, more intricate designs, while lower KPSI results in more open and coarser patterns.

  • High Knot Density (Fine Rugs): Rugs from Persian regions like Qom or Kashan often have very high knot density (sometimes upwards of 500 KPSI), leading to highly detailed, delicate patterns and a smooth, compact texture.
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  • Medium Knot Density: Many Afghan and Pakistani rugs fall into this category, typically ranging from 200-400 KPSI. These rugs balance detailed design with durability, often featuring bolder geometric patterns.
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  • Low Knot Density (Coarse Rugs): Turkish and Moroccan rugs, such as those from Bergama or Beni Ourain, generally have a lower knot density. These rugs tend to feature simpler, larger patterns and a more textured, thicker pile.
Example:
  • Kerman Rugs are known for their high knot density, especially those woven in fine wool and silk. The back of these rugs will be very smooth, with tiny, closely spaced knots.

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Single vs Double Wefting

This refers to how many weft threads are used in the weaving process and influences both the durability and texture of the rug.

  • Single Wefting: In Persian Kashan rugs, for example, a single weft is typically used, which gives the rug a smoother texture and flexibility. When you look at the back of a Kashan rug, you’ll notice a cleaner, more uniform appearance with a single thread running through each row of knots, making the structure more pliable.
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  • Double Wefting: On the other hand, Turkish Hereke rugs are known for their double wefting technique. The two weft threads per row create a sturdier, denser rug, and the back of the rug will show two clear, parallel weft threads running through the knots. This additional weft thread contributes to the rug’s luxurious feel and greater durability.

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Selvage Type

The selvage is the edge of the rug, and its construction plays a key role in the rug's durability and appearance. There are several different types of selvage, including:

  • Overcasting: This is the most common form of selvage seen in Persian and Indian rugs. The edge is finished with a series of tight, even stitches that protect the rug from fraying.
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  • Braided Selvage: In Turkish and Afghan rugs, the selvage may be braided from the same wool as the rug, providing both structure and a bit of decorative detail.
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  • Turned Selvage: Some Central Asian rugs, like Turkmen rugs, will have turned selvages where the edge is folded back and stitched to reinforce the edge and prevent unraveling.

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