Wiss rugs, woven in the village of Wiss located in the mountainous and lush region of Khansar, Iran, are a perfect representation of the timeless craftsmanship found in the region. The village is situated in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, approximately 2 kilometers from Khansar, and is known for its moderate climate and rich cultural heritage. The rug-making traditions of Wiss are deeply rooted in the history of the area, with influences from surrounding regions and a strong connection to the local environment.

The village of Wiss is not only known for its exceptional rug-making but also has a rich historical background. Its origins date back to the Medes era, with archaeological findings from the central Wiss mound indicating its importance during the Parthian period. The name Wiss, believed to come from ancient sources, means "a great tribe" and reflects the tribal nature of its people. These tribes, originally from Hamadan, migrated to the area centuries ago, with some historical sources tracing their roots to over 2,400 years ago.

The people of Wiss speak authentic Persian, though some of the surrounding villages, like Arjang, Kharat, and Khush-e-Rud, speak Turkish, and others speak Luri. Despite the diversity of languages around them, the Wiss people have maintained their Persian linguistic and cultural identity, especially through their traditional crafts, including rug weaving.

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History and Origin

The tradition of weaving Wiss rugs spans generations, with a deep connection to the village’s history and cultural evolution. While Wiss rugs share common characteristics with those of surrounding regions such as Khansar, they are distinct due to subtle differences in design and structure. The craftsmanship of Wiss rugs can be traced back to the early periods of Persian weaving, with each rug carrying the signature elements of local history and traditions.

Historically, Wiss rugs were woven by hand in small, family-run workshops, where weaving was not just an economic activity but also a cultural expression. The patterns and motifs have evolved over time, incorporating both local symbolism and broader regional influences. Wiss rugs are celebrated not only for their durability and beauty but also for their connection to the history of the Zagros region.

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Craftsmanship

Wiss rugs are woven with a knot density averaging 20 knots (ranging from 17 to 21) per 7 cm. The warp is made of 12-ply cotton, and the weft is 7-ply cotton, with the pile made of two-ply wool. The rugs are woven using a symmetrical (Turkish) knot.The weaving process involves Persian finishing (where the wool is trimmed at each knot) during the creation of the rug. Wiss rugs are typically produced in sizes ranging from small (less than 1 square meter) to large (over 9 square meters).

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Design and Patterns

The design of Wiss rugs is rooted in both geometric and floral motifs, inspired by nature and the world around the weavers. While the overall aesthetic is rooted in traditional designs, the rugs are known for their individual uniqueness.

Common Motifs

The two most prominent motifs found in Wiss rugs are the "Boteh" and the "Wissti (Yavari)." The Boteh design is a common pattern found across Persian rugs, symbolizing growth and prosperity. The Wissti pattern is characteristic of Wiss rugs, often depicted as a quarter-circle arrangement that contains motifs like the central medallion (known as "Huz," or the main roundel), "Baleh Khorsi" (Golden Rooster), and "Tehki" (center section), as well as elements like "Qandoun" (teapot), "Qulak," and "Gol-e-Kaghazi" (paper flower).

Wiss rugs also include motifs of animals, plants, and geometric shapes that reflect the natural world. These patterns are symbolic of the area's fertile land and the weaver's connection to nature.

Color Palette

Wiss rugs are known for their distinctive color palette, which typically includes a range of six to seven primary colors. The main colors used are:

  • Laki (locally called Goli)
  • Navy blue (called Sormei)
  • Pink (called Dui)
  • Yellowish-green (called Bokho)
  • White
  • Brown

In the borders, the colors are usually arranged in a harmonious sequence, often starting with a narrow border of Laki (Goli) and transitioning to Sormei (navy blue). The central field usually follows the Laki (Goli) pattern, creating a vibrant yet balanced appearance.

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